Architectural perspectives in the cathedral of Palermo : image-based modeling for cultural heritage understanding and enhancement

Palermo off ers a repertoire of both artistic and architectural solid perspective of great beauty and in large quantity. This paper addresses the problem of the 3D survey of these works and their related study through the use of image-based modelling (IBM) techniques. We propose, as case studies, the use of IBM techniques inside the Cathedral of Palermo. Indeed, the church houses a huge and rich sculptural repertoire, dating back to 16th century, which constitutes a valid field of IBM techniques application. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the e ffectiveness and potentiality of these techniques for geometric analysis of sculptured works. Indeed, usually the survey of these artworks is very diffi cult due the geometric complexity, typical of sculptured elements. In this study, we analysed cylindrical and planar geometries as well as carrying out an application of perspective return.peer-reviewe

Use of new technique of image based aimed to perspective return

The diffusion of Image-based 3D modeling techniques, through image-based free, low cost and open source software, have increased drastically in the past few years, especially in Cultural Heritage domain (Architecture, Archeology, Urban planning) [2, 3]. Computer vision techniques use photographs from dataset collection to rapidly build detailed 3D models. The simultaneous applications of different algorithms (MVS), the different techniques of image matching, feature extracting and mesh optimization are inside an active field of research in computer vision. Computer vision techniques - Structure from Motion (SfM)- allow to fulfill detailed 3D models from photos dataset collections. The results are promising: the obtained models are beginning to challenge the precision of laser-based reconstructions. This research investigates the limits and potentialities of 3D models obtained by using image based techniques in Architectural Heritage field, in order to verify the applicability of the method for the perspective return of the solid perspective of the artistic repertoire in my territory. My approach to this challenging problem is to verify the reliability of the 3Dmodels by Autodesk 123D Catch (web-based package). This paper aimed to demonstrate the efficiency of 123D Catch to obtain an accurate 3D model to operate the perspective return of artistic models

The Ellipsoid in Orthogonal Axonometric: Homology Application

You've long heard about ellipsoid, both from a mathematical analysis that under the geometric representative profile. However, so far no one has ever affronted the problem from the point of the application of descriptive geometry with homology. The use of homology, in fact, can make it extremely simplified and actual use of geometric tools giving the user a graphical mastery of the outcome that would otherwise be dismissed even with the use of innovative technologies of representation. Through the analysis of the proposed methodology, you can use to identify the strengths, the corresponding approvals now required between reality and projection. An ellipsoid is a closed type of quadric surface that is a higher dimensional analogue of an ellipse If all three radii are equal, the solid body is a sphere; if two radii are equal, the ellipsoid is a spheroid: if a= b =c we have a sphere; if a= b >c we have a oblate spheroid (disk-shaped); if a= b b >c we have a scalene ellipsoid ("three unequal sides"). The points (a,0,0), (0,b,0) and (0,0,c) lie on the surface and the line segments from the origin to these points are called the semi-principal axes. These correspond to the semi-major axis and semi-minor axis of the appropriate ellipses. Scalene ellipsoids are frequently called "triaxial ellipsoids", the implication being that all three axes need to be specified to define the shape. We impose constant upstream points and keys belonging to the horizontal section, is ellipsoidal and the wing generates the following transformation to time in plumes ellipsoid. I can repeat all of the assumptions made for the ball: cups, cupolas, domes, fused, areas, triangles, wedges, holes, aggregations, drums and domes above ellipsoid, lunettes, modulated compositions of elements, but also, cruises elliptical arc, etc... This is coupled to the imagination, the ellipsoid can be round, if, for example, the main section, the ellipse in projection, but it is not an ellipse circumference, in which case it is a surface and a solid rotation , the director is circular and has a generating ellipse

AUGMENTED REALITY

Already used in very specific areas such as in military and medical or academic research, in 2009 thanks to improved technology, augmented reality is to reach wider audiences and as information campaigns, advertising-augmented published in newspapers or on the network, and through a growing number of applications for mobile phones, particularly iPhone. "The Augmented Reality on the desktop computer is based on the use of markers, or ARtags, and stylized drawings, which are shown to the webcam, are recognized by the PC, and which are overlaid in real-time multimedia content: video, audio , 3D objects, etc.. Normally, applications of augmented reality are based on Adobe Flash technology and therefore accessible from any standard Internet browser. Advertising is also known as Augmented exploded in 2009 for numerous communication campaigns for corporate brands such as Toyota, Lego, Mini, Kellogg's, General Electrics, singers like Eminem Johma Mayer or magazines such as Colors, Esquire Magazine and Wallpaper, etc.. "(See Wikipedia : the augmented reality). In academia are several areas that are involved in the issues of augmented reality: that of representation, that science, that of the topography, the communication, and more. The use of augmented reality has found great scope also and especially in the public bodies involved in the protection and enjoyment of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage, museums, natural parks, libraries, the return of a significant architectural heritage of historical value and cultural heritage which it wants to pass on the genesis of construction, the historical events related to it, the prestige of the decoration and the difficul ties Roofing complex. All this requires the contribution of different cognitive areas, in the opinion of the authors can not be extinguished only in an application myopic investing skills of a subject area. The story (from which everything branches off), topography (which each measure takes shape), the representation (from which everything is revealed), computer (from which everything is the correlation with itself and with the others), visual communication (from which everything rises to a value direct communication, streamlined, efficient), graphics (from which everything comes to beauty, aesthetics individual and collective). The experience took place in Salinas Archaeological Museum of Palermo, now under renovation, has developed a compendium of the various sectors calibrated and synergistic and overcome the difficulties, sometimes substantially, on the location of the collections of art in it

123D Catch: efficiency, accuracy, constraints and limitations in architectural heritage field

Today, the accurate and detailed reconstruction of geometric models of real objects has become a common process. The diffusion of Image-based 3D modeling techniques, through image-based free, low cost and open source software, have increased drastically in the past few years, especially in the sector of Cultural Heritage (Architecture, Archeology, Urban planning). Nevertheless, web based software (ARC3D, 123D Catch, Hyp3D, my3Dscanner) offer another opportunity respect the desktop systems: they use the power of cloud computing to carry out a semi-automatic data processing. In this way is overcome the considerably slowing-down of the computer of hardware-heavy approaches. Our research investigates the limits and potentialities of 3D models obtained by using Autodesk 123D Catch in Architectural Heritage field, in order to verify the applicability of the method for the practitioner purpose. Our goal is to evaluate Catch efficiency, accuracy, constraints and limitations in order to provide insight into the current state of 3D modeling products. Our methodology forecasts the comparison between 123D Catch models and terrestrial laser scanner 3D acquisition in order to verify metric accuracy. Therefore, we propose a lot of interesting examples applied in architectural heritage field from the detail to the large scale

Using dense stereo matching techniques in survey

In recent years there has been an enormous increase in the dissemination of modelling techniques known as dense stereo matching (DSM) or image-based modelling (IBM) using free, low cost, open source software, especially applications involving the survey of cultural heritage (architecture, archaeology, and town planning). The algorithms used by these software programmes process photographic datasets and provide a 3D model of the scene in question. During complex survey and 3D restitution procedures, these techniques save time (processing) and money: these advantages Can he useful to any professional. This is why it is important to identify the real potential and limits of these software programmes and how they should be used to produce the best possible results. We carried out parallel tests to verify how to use the two software packages: 123D Catch by Autodesk and VisualSfM+CMVS/PMVS2 by Changchang Wu. The photographic dataset was the most critical part of the procedure involving DSM or IBM techniques. The article illustrates three case studies in which only the third study, provides an optimal dataset capable of generating a reliable model. The tests were carried out on three different architectural objects, ranging from a small to large scale; terrestrial laser scansions were used for the metric comparisons of the ensuing models

Moving towards a new life cycle analysis approach by implementing low cost structural 3d monitoring of historic building safety by means of image based modelling.

Abstract A building’s structural safety is often remit to human life fatalities and the measures of social protection and security often used following the collapse of a portion of the building. It is quite clear that, if it were possible to monitor the increase of static deterioration, it would be easier to prevent the collapse. There are two fundamental aspects closely linked to the building’s collapse: the first concerns the security of lives and the second concerns the well-being and quality of life when it is considered in relation to Cultural Heritage survival. Unfortunately, the high cost of a 3D survey does not usually permit a constant monitoring of the visible instability. The paper aims to carry out a low-cost workflow for structural 3D monitoring of historical buildings based on Image Based Modeling (IBM) techniques. IBM techniques create a 3D model of the sample by taking a structured dataset of images according to photogrammetric rules. In recent years, the experimentation of several research teams demonstrated the affordability of these techniques, which are able to ascertain data with accuracy within a millimeter (according to the size of the sample and the camera resolution)

Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda: design drawings compared

Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda is among the most important designers, architects, engineers and designers at the end of '800. He has participated in numerous architectural competitions, both at Palermo in Sicily and again in Italy. He has conducted numerous studies on the identification of significant types of construction from coffee house to the shrines cemeteries, the decorative detail to the urban study on a large scale. Of course He is remembered in our city, especially as the designer of the Politeama, an imposing structure that dominates the central square of Palermo. Very old city, whose roots, evidenced by the presence dating back to the Punic, have never found a break until the present day, offering a repertoire of great architectural prestige and international reputation. Moreover, capital, enjoys a privilege that few other cities can boast: it has two of the most important theaters in the history of Architecture: the Politeama and the Teatro Massimo. And our dear Almeyda participated in both competitions, winning one and losing the second. But what were the real reasons why he did not win the second project? Perhaps the town is terrified of being left with a certified copy of the already made Politeama? Or, participation in the race by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile unquestionably compromised the expert advice? Or perhaps, again, the second project did not meet in style, beauty and greatness, the grandeur of the former? These and more are the questions we have approached the study of two extraordinary projects proposed architectural competitions with only one signature, but hides itself, strange stylistic mechanisms but also social, historical, political

anamorphic projection analogical digital algorithms

The study presents the first results of a wider research project dealing with the theme of "anamorphosis", a specific technique of geometric projection of a shape on a surface. Here we investigate how new digital techniques make it possible to simplify the anamorphic applications even in cases of projections on complex surfaces. After a short excursus of the most famous historical and contemporary applications, we propose several possible approaches for managing the geometry of anamorphic curves both in the field of descriptive geometry (by using interactive tools such as Cabri and GeoGebra) and during the complex surfaces realization process, from concept design to manufacture, through CNC systems (by adopting generative procedural algorithms elaborated in Grasshopper)

IMAGE-BASED MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE 3D DIGITALIZATION: LIMITS AND POTENTIALITIES

3D reconstruction from images has undergone a revolution in the last few years. Computer vision techniques use photographs from data set collection to rapidly build detailed 3D models. The simultaneous applications of different algorithms (MVS), the different techniques of image matching, feature extracting and mesh optimization are inside an active field of research in computer vision. The results are promising: the obtained models are beginning to challenge the precision of laser-based reconstructions. Among all the possibilities we can mainly distinguish desktop and web-based packages. Those last ones offer the opportunity to exploit the power of cloud computing in order to carry out a semi-automatic data processing, thus allowing the user to fulfill other tasks on its computer; whereas desktop systems employ too much processing time and hard heavy approaches. Computer vision researchers have explored many applications to verify the visual accuracy of 3D model but the approaches to verify metric accuracy are few and no one is on Autodesk 123D Catch applied on Architectural Heritage Documentation. Our approach to this challenging problem is to compare the 3Dmodels by Autodesk 123D Catch and 3D models by terrestrial LIDAR considering different object size, from the detail (capitals, moldings, bases) to large scale buildings for practitioner purpose